Interoperability at the International and National Level
Author Additions to Chapter 15
Some Standards Setting Organizations
Websites that Expand Chapter 15's knowledge
- International Initiatives Towards Healthcare Data Standardization
- Interoperability
- Interoperabiliity Glossary (off site)
- U.S. Efforts towards Healthcare Data Standardization
International Efforts towards Healthcare Data Standardization
Interoperability and the Impacts on Health Information Systems. A report of two international conferences about interoperability. Differences between the two conferences highlight the difficulties in the use of healthcare data.
http://www.hrhresourcecenter.org/interoperability_interview
Dicom
Horii, Steven. A non-technical Introduction to DICOM. (Link at the bottom of the above page does not work, but this one does, or did on June 20, 2009!)
http://www.rsna.org/technology/dicom/intro/index.cfm
An excellent simple definition of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standards.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DICOM.html
HL7
Driving Interoperability & Transforming Healthcare Information Management. A Power Point file, that has many good slides explaining HL7 and the need for semantic interoperability. First 25 slides explain some rather complex concepts. Although these are from a 2004 presentation, they are still very valid.
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/content/ncicblfs/caAdapter/caAdapter_4_0/NIHSeminar_Charlie%20Mead.ppt
What Is HL7? An easily understood description of HL7 based in reality.
http://www.neotool.com/blog/2006/12/05/what-is-health-level-seven/
Health Level 7. Presents a good history and explains the reason this is level 7.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Level_7
ICD (International Classification of Disease)
ICD history. A thorough history of the development of the classification of death and disease from ICD 1 to ICD 10.
www.who.int/entity/classifications/icd/en/HistoryOfICD.pdf
ICD-10. A brief discussion of ICD-10 with links to many resources for ICD 10, which is required to replace ICD-9 in the US by October 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10.htm
Classification of Diseases, Functioning, and Disability. This site explains the difference between ICD and ICD-CM (Clinical Modification) and mentions the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd.htm
IHTSDO (International Health Technology Standards Development Organization)
IHTSDO Home Page.
http://www.ihtsdo.org/
Excellent information including the history of IHTSDO.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHTSDO
SNOMED (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine)
SNOMED-CT A concise definition of SNOMED from the National Library of Medicine. Links to resources about SNOMED.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/Snomed/snomed_main.html
From Wikipedia. First a discussion of SNOMED (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED), then information about SNOMED-CT (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED_CT).
SNOMED-CT in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). Some explanations in the form of questions and answers. Easily understood.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/Snomed/snomed_faq.html
Interoperability
A good, brief discussion of interoperability.
http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/interoperability
Process Interoperability
Business Process Interoperability. Another explanation of process interoperability that is easily applied to healthcare processes. Essentially the processes of the computer systems must work together.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process_interoperability
Semantic Interoperability
Semantic Interoperability for Better Health and Safer Healthcare. A lengthy report with all you need to know including a very understandable definition on page 10.
ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/health/docs/publications/2009/2009semantic-health-report.pdf
Achieving Semantic Interoperability. Although based on meteorology, an easily understood definition. Introduces some of the difficulties in getting computers to achieve meaningful, or semantic, interoperability.
http://marinemetadata.org/guides/vocabs/cvchooseimplement/cvsemint
Semantic Interoperability. A good and simple description that you can easily understand!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_interoperability
Technical Interoperability
Definition of technical interoperability and list of the synonyms. Also a brief discussion of process and semantic interoperability and the pros and cons of EHRs.
http://mias.wikidot.com/interoperability
U.S. Efforts towards Healthcare Data Standardization
Interoperability: The Key To The Future Health Care System. (2005). Interesting paper addressing the US efforts to build a longitudinal medical record.
http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/suppl/2005/01/18/hlthaff.w5.19.DC1
HITSP (Health Information Technology Standards Panel)
The HITSP page listing work programs.
http://www.hitsp.org/
Mosquera, Mary. (2010). HITSP winds down operations as contract sets to expire. Good description of the work accomplished by HITSP.
Health Information Exchanges (HIE) - Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO) or Regional Extension Centers
These names are used somewhat interchangeably.
Health Information Exchange. An up to date description of HIEs. Links to some that are now active. It was last updated Feb. 10, 2010.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_exchange
National Learning Consortium. This site represents the lessons learned from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC) outreach programs (Regional Extension Centers, Beacon Communities, State Health Information Exchange) and through the Health Information Technology Research Center (HITRC).
RHIOS. An organization expected to enable HIEs.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Health_Information_Organization
RHIO Resistance. A 2005 paper outlining some of the difficulties in forming RHIOs. Unfortunately, these still hold true.
http://govhealthit.com/news/rhio-resistance-0
Stein, Todd (2006, February).Writing the RHIO Fine Print: Model Policies and Specifications Speed Data Exchange Start-Ups. Discusses fears and obstacles that must be overcome to have a successful RHIO.
http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_030769.
hcsp?dDocName=bok1_030769
UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)
Main page for the UMLS. Links to great information about the UMLS including some tutorials.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/
Unified Medical Language System. One of the most complete explanations of the UMLS and its component parts that you will find anywhere.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Medical_Language_System
Fact sheet from the National Library of Medicine about the UMLS.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/umls.html
Websites from the Text in Chapter 15
Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN). http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/healthnetwork/background/
Health IT adoption – Survey tables. http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1152&&PageID=17154&mode=2&in_hi_userid=11113&cached=true#P
Websites from the Reference List in Chapter 15
ABC Coding Solutions. (2010). ABC Codes explained. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://www.abccodes.com/ali/abc_codes/
American Association of Critical Care Nurses. (n.d.). The AACN Synergy Model for patient care. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://www.aacn.org/WD/Certifications/Docs/SynergyModelforPatientCare.pdf
American Medical Association. (2010, October 8). Getting the
most for our health care dollars: Administrative costs of health
care coverage. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/health-carecosts/administrative-costs.pdf(No longer available) Instead can be found at
www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/health-care-costs/administrative-costs.pdf
ASTM International. (2010). The history of ASTM International – 1898–1998: A century of progress. Chapter one: A broader view. Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://www.astm.org/HISTORY/hist_chapter1.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010a, January 4). Classification of diseases, functioning, and disability. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010b, May 17). Public Health Information Network – About PHIN. Retrieved October 29, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/phin/about.html (No longer available) Instead may be found at http://www.cdc.gov/phin/about/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, June 10). Classification of diseases, functioning, and disability. Retrieved January 14, 2012, from http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/International-Statistical-Classification-of-Diseases-and-Related-Health-Problems
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). National electronic disease surveillance system. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/nedss/ (No longer available) Instead may be found at http://www.cdc.gov/phin/tools/NEDSS/index.html
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2010a, October 5). 2011 ICD-10-PCS ICD-10. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from https://www.cms.gov/ICD10/11b_2011_ICD10PCS.asp
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2010b, June 15). Healthcare common procedure coding system (PCPCS) Health Level II coding procedures. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from https://www.cms.gov/MedHCPCSGenInfo/Downloads/LevelIICodingProcedures.pdf (No longer available) Instead find this at http://www.cms.gov/MedHCPCSGenInfo/02_HCPCSCODINGPROCESS.asp#TopOfPage
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2011, May 13). OASIS Overview. Retrieved August 21, 2011, from https://www.cms.gov/oasis/
Chute, C. G. (2000). Clinical classification and terminology: Some history and current observations. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 7(3), 298–303. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC61433/?tool=pubmed
Comité Européen de Normalisation. (2010). European Committee for Standardization. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://www.cen.eu/cen/pages/default.aspx
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010a, October 8). Clinical decision support. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1142&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=25&mode=2&in_hi_userid=11113&cached=true
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010a, October 8). Clinical decision support. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID
=1218&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=30&mode=2&in_hi_userid=11113&cached=true
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010b, July 16).Federal Health Architecture. Retrieved November 11, 2010,from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1181&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=26&mode=2&in_hi_userid=11113&cached=true
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010c,September 3). Nationwide Health Information Network. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1142&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=25&mode=2&in_hi_userid=11113&cached=true
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010d). ONC
initiatives. Retrieved from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt/community/healthit_hhs_gov__onc_initiatives/1497
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010e,
August). Outcome-based Quality Improvement (OBQI)
Manual. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from https://www.cms.gov/HomeHealthQualityInits/Downloads/HHQIOBQIManual.pdf
Department of Health and Human Services. (2010f, August13). State level initiatives. Retrieved November 11, 2010,from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1154&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=20&mode=2&in_hi_userid=11113&cached=true
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. (2010,October 8). DICOM home page. Retrieved November 10,2010, from http://medical.nema.org/
Gibbons, P., Arzt, N., Burke-Beebe, S., Chute, C., Dickinson,G., Jepsen, T., et al. (2007, February 7). Coming to terms: Scoping interoperability for health care. Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://www.hln.com/assets/pdf/Coming-to-Terms-February-2007.pdf
Health Level 7. (n.d.-a). HL7 FAQs. Retrieved November10, 2010, from http://www.hl7.org/about/FAQs/index.cfm?ref=nav
Health Level 7. (n.d.-b). What is HL7? Retrieved November 10,2010, from http://www.hl7.org/about/
Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.(2005, June 9). Interoperability definition and background. Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://www.himss.org/content/files/interoperability_definition_background_060905.pdf
International Electrotechnical Commission. (2010). About the IEC: Mission and objectives. Retrieved November 9, 2010,from http://www.iec.ch/about/mission-e.htm (No longer available) Instead find at http://www.qualidade.eng.br/conheca_iec.htm
International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. (n.d.). IHTSCO: International health terminology standards development organisation. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://www.ihtsdo.org/
International Organization for Standardization. (2010).ISO – About ISO Retrieved. November 9, 2010, from
http://www.iso.org/iso/about
National Committee Vital Health Statistics. (2006, March 13).Introduction to the NCVHS: Information for Health. Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://www.ncvhs.hhs.gov/intro.htm
National Library of Medicine. (2010, November 2). UMLS®.Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2010, August 13). The Office of the National Coordinator for health Information Technology (ONC). Retrieved November 11, 2010, from http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt/community/healthit_hhs_gov__onc/1200
World Health Organization. (2010a). History of the development of the ICD. Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
World Health Organization. (2010b). ICD revision project plan: Version 2.0. Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/ICDRevisionProjectPlan_March2010.pdf
World Health Organization. (2010c). International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Retrieved November 10, 2010, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/
Created January 14, 2012
