Better Interoperability for Healthcare Information Systems. Description of the work of Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE).
http://www.irisa.fr/activity/new/007/ihe?set_language=en

Power Point Show best seen as a slide show that discusses interoperability on an international scale.
http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/~asuman/DogacMalagaTalk.ppt

A listing of the acronyms, their full name, which institution sponsors it, and additional Web sites most of which are no longer operational, or not in English.
http://www.ulb.ac.be/esp/emd/classifications.htm

DICOM

An excellent simple definition of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standards.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DICOM.html

Horii, Steven. A non-technical Introduction to DICOM. (Link at the bottom of the above page does not work, but this one does, or did on June 20, 2009!)
http://www.rsna.org/technology/dicom/intro/index.cfm

HL7

Driving Interoperability & Transforming Healthcare Information Management. A Power Point file, that has many good slides explaining HL7 and the need for semantic interoperability. Some may be way beyond this level.
http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/content/ncicblfs/caAdapter/caAdapter_4_0/NIHSeminar_Charlie%20Mead.ppt

What Is HL7? An easily understood description of HL7 based in reality.
http://www.neotool.com/blog/2006/12/05/what-is-health-level-seven/

ICD

Classifications of Diseases and Functioning. Differentiates between the ICDs (International Classification of Disease) and the ICF (International Classification of Functioning).
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd9.htm

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Good review and history. This source notes that although it was 1900 when the Bertillon Classification of Causes of Death was first named the International Classification of Disease, it was 1893 when the International Statistical Institute accepted it.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD

History of the development of the ICD Codes through ICD-9.
http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/codes/icd9/type_txt/icd9.asp

ICD 10 Reference Manual. Note the U.S. is one of the few countries that has not yet adopted this standard. Deadline for adopting it is January 1, 2012.
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ICD10/Downloads/pcs_refman.pdf

International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization (IHTSDO)

IHTSDO –SNOMED CTs: international organization. This file provides an excellent review of why we need standards, then presents an easily understood description of IHTSDO.
http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/NR/rdonlyres/B0C3EC53-D812-45FE-933B-1CA1CAFD1452/0/JenniferZelmer.pdf

Interoperability

Healthcare Interoperability Standards. Excellent site that defines in easily understood terms the three types of interoperability and provides more information.
http://cyrusxp.com/?page_id=18

Key Issues of Technical Interoperability Solutions in eHealth. Describes the concepts involved in eHealth interoperability; briefly assesses the current state in some of the countries in the world and discusses the technical issues to be addressed for achieving interoperability. A Microsoft Word document.
http://www.srdc.metu.edu.tr/webpage/projects/ride/publications/DogacMalaga-eHealthPaperApril14.doc

Process Interoperability

Business Process Interoperability. Another explanation of process interoperability that is easily applied to healthcare processes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_process_interoperability

Semantic Interoperability

Achieving Semantic Interoperability. Although based on meteorology, an easily understood definition.
http://marinemetadata.org/guides/vocabs/cvchooseimplement/cvsemint

Health Transformation: Semantic What? Reasons why semantic interoperability is needed.
http://www.capgemini.com/health-blog/2008/06/semantic_what.php

Semantic Interoperability. A further description.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_interoperability

Technical Interoperability

Definition of technical interoperability and list of the synonyms.
http://mias.wikidot.com/interoperability

Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)

Main page for the UMLS. Links to great information about the UMLS including some tutorials. (Added Sept 20, 2009)
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/

U.S. Efforts towards Healthcare Data Standardization

Four minute video in which the roles of the ONC, HITSP, and CCHIT are sung. A good laugh along with a review of these groups.
http://www.rossmartinmd.com/f/blog.htm

This page has links to all the federal efforts in health information technology. A gold mine for U.S. efforts.
http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1204&parentname=CommunityPage&
parentid=1&mode=2&in_hi_userid=10741&cached=true

Federal Health IT Programs. A list of agencies and their programs.
http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=1141&parentname=CommunityPage
&parentid=15&mode=2&in_hi_userid=10741&cached=true

The eHealth Initiative Blueprint: Building Consensus for Common Action. The complete 107 page report from October 10, 2007.vision and a set of principles, strategies and actions for improving health and healthcare through information and information technology. Contains good presentations of the various points of views. It is the result of a six-month collaboration of multi-stakeholders.
http://www.ehealthinitiative.org/blueprint/eHiBlueprint-BuildingConsensusForCommonAction.pdf

Health Information Technology Implementation and Support. Site, developed in partnership between CCHIT,HITSP,NIST, and ONC provides HIT implementers with access to the tools and resources needed to support and test their implementation of standards-based health systems.
http://xreg2.nist.gov/hit-testing/

International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). This is the ICD version used in the U.S., although the use of ICD 10 is mandated for January 1, 2012.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/otheract/icd9/abticd9.htm

National Health Information Network. This page has up-to-date news about the progress of the NHIN.
http://www.nhinwatch.com/

Reasons for U.S. move to ICD-10. Scroll down to see rationale.
http://www.cms.hhs.gov/apps/media/press/factsheet.asp?Counter=3407&intNumPerPage=10&
checkDate=&checkKey=&srchType=1&numDays=3500&srchOpt=0&srchData=&keywordType=
All&chkNewsType=6&intPage=&showAll=&pYear=&year=&desc=&cboOrder=date

AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare and Quality)

This site provides information about current AHRQ projects.
http://healthit.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&objID=650&PageID=0&parentname=
ObjMgr&parentid=106&mode=2&dummy=

CCHIT (Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology)

CCHIT Certification for Ambulatory Electronic Health Records. Scripts to use in testing a system.
http://www.cchit.org/certify/ambulatory/index.asp

HITSP (Health Information Tecnology Standards Panel)

Description of HITSP from a nursing viewpoint by the Alliance for Nursing Informatics.
http://www.nursingcenter.com/library/JournalArticle.asp?Article_ID=852810

RHIOs (Regional Health Information Organization) HIEs (Health Information Exchanges)

These names are used somewhat interchangeably, although HIE is becoming the preferred term.

Health Information Exchange. An up to date description of HIEs. Links to some that are now active. It was last updated Feb 10, 2010. (Added March 17,2010)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_exchange

RHIO Resistance. A 2005 paper outlining some of the difficulties in forming RHIOs. Unfortunately, these still hold true.
http://govhealthit.com/Articles/2005/11/14/RHIO-resistance.aspx

Stein, Todd (2006, February).Writing the RHIO Fine Print: Model Policies and Specifications Speed Data Exchange Start-Ups. Discusses fears and obstacles that must be overcome to have a successful RHIO.
http://www.connectingforhealth.org/resources/20060201-AHIMA.pdf

Websites Referred to in Text of Chapter

Information about national (U.S.) standardization organizations. http://hcsl.sdct.nist.gov:8080/hcsl/home.html (No longer available)

http://www.hitsp.org/

http://www.cchit.org/

International Standards Organization. (2006, September 29). About ISO Discover ISO. Retrieved October 10, 2007November 20, 2008, from http://www.iso.org/iso/about/discover-iso_isos-name.htm

References in this Chapter that are Online

ABC Coding Solutions. What's In It For You. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.alternativelink.com/ali/abc_codes/wiify.asp

AHIC Successor. (2008). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.ahicsuccessor.org/hhs/ahic.nsf/index.htm

American Medical Association. (2008, November 20). CPT® Code Information and Education. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/3884.html

American National Standards Institute. (2006, November 1). Standards panel delivers interoperability specifications to support Nationwide Health Information Network. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.ansi.org/news_publications/news_story.aspx?menuid=7&articleid=1361

California Health Care Foundation. (n.d.). Santa Barbara County Care Data Exchange. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.chcf.org/documents/ihealth/SantaBarbaraFSWeb.pdf

Center for Disease Control. National Electronic Disease Surveillance System. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/nedss/

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2005, December 12). OASIS Overview. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.cms.hhs.gov/OASIS/

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2008, November 12). HCPCS Background Information. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.cms.hhs.gov/MedHCPCSGenInfo/

Conn, J. (2007, August 30). RHIO experts talk problems, future of movement. Modern Healthcare Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://modernhealthcare.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070830/FREE/308290018

Detmer, D. E. (2003). Building the national health information infrastructure for personal health, health care services, public health, and research. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 3(1), 1-12 [Available at http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=149369

Health Information Technology. Data & Technical Standards: Other Standards Activities. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/standards/other/

Doble, R. K., Curley, M. A. Q., Hession-Laband, E., Marino, B. L., & Shaw, S. M. (2000). Using the Synergy Model to Link Nursing Care to Diagnosis-Related Groups. Critical Care Nurse, 20(3), 86-92 [Electronic Version at
http://www.aacn.org/WD/Certifications/content/synpract9.pcms?pid=1&&menu=

Federal Health Architecture (FHA). (2006, August 29). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hhs.gov/fedhealtharch/index.html

Foundation of Research and Education of American Health Information Management Association. (2007, September 28). State Level Health Information Exchange: Roles in ensuring governance and advancing interoperability. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.slhie.org/Docs/FinalReportPart1.8.pdf

Gater, L. (2005, July 18). The RHIO World. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.fortherecordmag.com/archives/ftr_071805p16.shtml

Gibbons, P., Arzt, N., Burke-Beebe, S., Chute, C., Dickinson, G., Flewelling, T., et al. (2007, February 7). Coming to Terms: Scoping Interoperability for Health Care. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hln.com/assets/pdf/Coming-to-Terms-February-2007.pdf

Health Information Technology. Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology (CCHIT). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/certification/cchit/

Healthcare Standards Landscape. Relationships with Organizations for HITSP - Healthcare Information Technology Standards Panel (ANSI). Retrieved March 24, 2008, from http://hcsl.sdct.nist.gov:8080/hcsl/index.html (No longer available)

HHS. Nationwide Health Information Network (NHIN): Background. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/healthnetwork/background/

HIMSS. (2005, June 9). Interoperability Definition and Background. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from https://www.himss.org/content/files/interoperability_definition_background_060905.pdf

HIMSS. (2007). What is HITSP. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.himss.org/ASP/topics_hitsp.asp

HIMSS. (n.d.). RHIO/HIE. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.himss.org/ASP/topics_rhio.asp

HL7. (n.d.). HL7 Mission Statement. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hl7.org/about/hl7mission.htm

IEC. (n.d.). Mission and Objectives. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.iec.ch/about/mission-e.htm

International Health Technology Standards Development Organisation. (n.d.). History. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www.ihtsdo.org/about-ihtsdo/history-of-ihtsdo/

International Organization for Standardization. (2006). About ISO. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.iso.org/iso/about.htm

Matney, S., Ozbolt, J. G., & Bakken, S. (2003). Update on Logical Observation Identifier Names and Cc odes (LOINC)). Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 7(3), 1-–8. Available at http://www.eaa-knowledge.com/ojni/ni/8_1/nurslangup.htm

Miller, R. H., & Miller, B. S. (2007, August). Santa Barbara County Care Data Exchange: Lessons Learned. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.chcf.org/documents/chronicdisease/SantaBarbaraLessonsLearned.pdf

Nation Master. (2005). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/International-Statistical-Classification-of-Diseases-and-Related-Health-Problems

The National Alliance for Health Information Technology. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.nahit.org/aboutNAHIT/about.asp

National Alliance for Health Information Technology. (2008, March 24). Defining Key Health Information Technology Terms: Final report. Retrieved June 27, 2009 from
http://www.nahit.org/images/pdfs/HITTermsFinalReport_051508.pdf (Change from text)

National Committee on Vital Health Statistics. (2001, November 15). A strategy for building the National Health Information Infrastructure. Information for Health Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/sp/NHII/Documents/NHIIReport2001/default.htm

National Library of Medicine. (2006, May 19). About the UMLS Resources®. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/about_umls.html

Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2005, June 1). Consolidated Health Informatics. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/chi.html

Patterson, G. (2003). Health Level Seven (HL7). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://healthinfo.med.dal.ca/HL7Intro/963/992/992.html

Public Health Information Network. (n.d.). Detailed Definition of PHIN. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/phin/about.html

Secretary of Health and Human Services. (2004, January 13). Charter National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.ncvhs.hhs.gov/charter07.pdf

SNOMED International. (2007, January 15). SNOMED International Collaborating to Create International Standards Development Organization. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/snomed/documents/snomed_sdo.pdf

Standards Panel Delivers Interoperability Specifications to Support Nationwide Health Information Network. (2006, November 1). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.ansi.org/news_publications/news_story.aspx?menuid=7&articleid=1361

The Advanced Medical Technology Association, A. H. I. A., American Medical Informatics Association and Medical Devices Manufacturers Association,. (2007, July 7). Summary of Joint Position on Adoption of ICD-10. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://ahima.org/ICD10/Documents/MicrosoftWord-ICD-10StatementApproved7-18-2007.pdf

U.S. Department Health and Human Services. (2007). Health information technology initiative major accomplishments: 2004-2006. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.hhs.gov/healthit/news/Accomplishments2006.html

Webopedia. (n.d.). The 7 Layers of the OSI Model. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://webopedia.internet.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp

Wikipedia. Health Level 7. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HL7

Wikipedia. (2007, September 23). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning%2C
_Disability_and_Health

Wikipedia. (n.d.). ASTM International. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASTM_International

World Health Organization. (n.d.). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/

Created June 9, 2009